US Defense Secretary Jim Mattis met Saudi King Salman on Wednesday, beginning a series of talks to reinvigorate the Riyadh-Washington alliance in the face of common adversary Iran.
The retired four-star Marine general, accompanied by a US delegation, was welcomed by Salman at Al-Yamama Palace in Riyadh, telling the monarch: "It's good to be back."
Mattis, who commanded troops during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, arrived in the kingdom on Tuesday afternoon to listen to Saudi leaders and learn "what are their priorities", an American defense official said earlier.
The United States and Saudi Arabia have a decades-old relationship based on the exchange of American security for Saudi oil.
But ties between Riyadh and Washington became increasingly frayed during the administration of president Barack Obama.
Saudi leaders felt Obama was reluctant to get involved in the civil war in Syria and was tilting toward Riyadh's regional rival Iran.
The Sunni Muslim kingdom "felt marginalized" during international negotiations on a nuclear accord with Shiite Iran, the defense official said.
That deal, signed in July 2015 by the Obama administration, saw the lifting of international sanctions in exchange for guarantees that Tehran will not pursue a nuclear weapons capability.
Mattis was also to meet Crown Prince Mohammed bin Nayef and Salman's son, Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who holds the defense portfolio.
The deputy crown prince last month held talks with President Donald Trump in Washington.
New Iran sanctions
Saudi leaders worry about Iran interfering in Arab countries by using Shiite communities to advance their plans, as in Bahrain, Lebanon and Yemen.
Bordering Saudi Arabia, Yemen has been torn for more than two years by a civil war between Iran-backed Houthi rebels, their allies, and pro-government forces aided by a Saudi-led military coalition that receives some military support from the US.
The Saudis have found a more favorable ear in Washington under Trump, who denounces Iran's "harmful influence" in the Middle East.
Mattis has called Iran "the single biggest state sponsor of terrorism in the world".
In February, Trump imposed new sanctions on Tehran after a ballistic missile test launch, and in response to its support for Yemen's rebels.
The US military is watching Houthi activities along the strategic Bab al-Mandab strait connecting the Red Sea with the Indian Ocean.
Yemeni rebels in late January attacked a Saudi warship in the Red Sea, and they are also believed to have fired missiles towards US warships in the area.
The United States accuses the rebels of deploying coastal defense missiles and other weapons which threaten free navigation in the waters which are vital to global trade.
Tensions with Iran were already high over another waterway, the Strait of Hormuz which links the Gulf and the Indian Ocean.
Anti-ISIS campaign
Trump's Yemen focus has so far been on a major escalation of attacks against extremists from Yemen-based Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.
Pentagon officials have so far remained cautious on what they might do to support Saudi Arabia.
The Trump administration could, for example, lift a freeze on the delivery of precision guided bombs to the kingdom.
Obama's government blocked their transfer in December because of concerns over civilian casualties in Yemen.
Trump could also decide to reinforce support for the Arab coalition in Yemen, even if his administration wants the return "as quickly as possible" of UN-backed peace talks, as Mattis said at the start of his Saudi trip.
Washington would also like Riyadh to step up its participation in the campaign against ISIS in Iraq and Syria.
Options include the kingdom intensifying its aerial operations or its humanitarian aid, the American defense official said, describing the fight against ISIS as "our number one concern".
Mattis is expected to evoke with the Saudis Washington's intentions towards Syria, where Riyadh has aided some rebel groups.
For the first time in six years of Syria's war, the American military intervened directly against the regime of President Bashar Assad by firing 59 cruise missiles at a Syrian government airbase earlier this month.
Saudi Arabia applauded the strike after a suspected chemical bombing of a rebel-held town which the US blamed on Assad.
After Saudi Arabia, Mattis travels Thursday to Egypt and then to Israel on Friday before returning to the Gulf Saturday for talks in Qatar.
Some conservative American analysts say the US should build a common front between Israel and the Gulf monarchies, which have no diplomatic relations with the Jewish state.
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